The Symbol Of A Lion :: essays research papers

The image of the lion speaks to everything in the short story â€Å"A Lion on the Freeway†. It was composed by Nadine Gordimer in her short story book called The Embrace of a Soldier. Gordimer was an African author, and her accounts have been converted into numerous dialects including English for some individuals to appreciate.      The story â€Å"A Lion on the Freeway† is about a lion which has gotten away onto the road. Gordimer depicts the landscape of a town with a zoo in it and how the fundamental character can generally hear the creatures making clamor, particularly the lion. This savagely depicted story is short, however makes a significant point about the lion when all is said in done.      To Gordmer, the lion is an image of wild force, and its unique home in Africa was likewise where this creator once lived. A mainstream expression individuals know about the lion is that it is the â€Å"king of the jungle†. That solitary expression depicts the lion consummately, on the grounds that the lion is a being of extraordinary force and enthusiasm and its quality and strength is perceived all through the world. In this story, it is contained in a pen, not taken from the wild, however conceived there. The lion may have been conceived in imprisonment, yet its wild impulses are unquestionably still alive inside the lion’s soul. This is the reason the lion would long for an exit from its enclosure and quest for opportunity.      At the finish of the story, however, Gordimer clarifies of how the individuals must catch this lion and stop it by and by, if not murder it. On account of its extraordinary force and quality, the individuals fear it and therefor should figure out how to stop the lion before he causes harm. This may speak to crude human feelings and sentiments from somewhere inside mankind. Individuals can't let these crude senses departure to maintain control on the planet, so then we should keep them bolted away inside where nobody can see them. Mystery. As in the lion, these emotions are incredible, yet in the public arena impulses must be controlled. Notwithstanding, do individuals consistently control their feelings and what they feel on the most fundamental level? Unquestionably not, yet the general population might typically want to think along these lines, with the exception of maybe when it might come to banalities or ads (since they ironicly respect the individuals who stick o ut).      If one doesn't take a gander at â€Å"A Lion on the Freeway† cautiously, it appears to be dull and unoriginal.

Position paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Position paper - Essay Example This, despite the way that for the more noteworthy dominant part, or around four billion individuals, and unquestionably for those living in the greater part of the created world, the monetary frameworks set up have brought about improving wages and a decent proportion of budgetary thriving. The effect of the financial breakdown in the bombed economies stretch out past wages, and effect the very maintainability of their whole social textures. The strain on the social frameworks is apparent in what Collier sees as destitution traps. There are the common wars, for one, that are extremely progressively about youngsters needing change so as to improve their money related parcels throughout everyday life. There are the conditions pushed onto individuals because of their area in specific geologies, where nations have the misfortune of being situated in the midst of a by and large â€Å"bad† neighborhood. Indeed, even common assets in enormous amounts, for example, oil and minerals, are viewed as destitution traps as well, since they breed clashes. At long last, a fourth neediness trap is far reaching debasement realized by youthful political frameworks and general terrible administration structures. These are conversion factors that all elevate the powers that wreck the misfortune nations on ghetto-town, in a manner of speaking, and these demonstration like amazing descending powers that keep these nations from getting away from a terminal vortex of hopelessness. Remotely the powers of globalization and the burden of worldwide free markets, rather than helping these nations climb, are really driving them to neediness significantly more, on the grounds that the impact of such powers is to pipe development and improvement considerably more distant away from the devastated billion and toward the created world, which has the framework and the idleness, just as the assets, to keep on profiting by the current request, while the unfortunate billion keep on flounderin g in a vortex of destitution. Collier attests that there are no simple answers, and that arrangements lie here and there in furnished intercessions, just as in the mediation and policing of incredible associations, for example, the European Union so as to realize enduring financial and vote based changes to the devastated. This paper takes the position that without a doubt, the issue for the last billion is one that is described by a high level of multifaceted nature, and the arrangements are there, however executed gravely Collier; The Observer; Goodreads; Riedel 519). Some portion of the issue with execution is that there are scarcely any associations with the clout and the fortitude to implement changes and to see through them so as to impact enduring basic changes (Collier 1-13; The Observer; Goodreads; Riedel 519). Some portion of the issue of execution also is that the apparatuses have so far been misjudged, and utilized bad, and again these issues return to the general comple x nature of the issue and the exceptionally gigantic assets and exertion should have been utilized in a supported way so as to roll out the best possible improvements to save the oppressed billion. Also, the motivators for aiding the most unfortunate of the poor are not evident on a superficial level, in light of the fact that as it is the individuals who are benefitting from the worldwide monetary request are easily living without the interest of the least fortunate. These things take long-go arranging and thinking, and the purposeful exertion and generosity of the individuals who are in the created world. Aside from this, the paper likewise puts forth the defense for the monetary practicality of making everybody on the planet, including the last billion, ride the financial pontoon to success. The most unfortunate, when they

MemSQL

MemSQL INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in beautiful San Francisco in the MemSQL office. Hi, Eric, who are you and what do you do?Eric: I am the CEO and co-founder of MemSQL and its good to have you over.Martin: Great, awesome! What is MemSQL?Eric: MemSQL is a real time database for transactions and analytics. It’s core infrastructure and it is designed basically to help businesses optimize their real time operations.Martin: How did you come up with such an idea?Eric: So I worked at Facebook a few years ago, prior to starting MemSQL and my co-founder and I were seeing the tip of the spear of big data problems being solved at Facebook. And it really was an inspiration for us to depart and start a new company.Martin: And what did you see working there at Facebook and what things did you take of that and said, “Ok, now we would like to offer this to the world”?Eric: As you know Facebook is one of the largest web destinations on the internet. It was at that point and still is scaling with a lot of infrastructure and system design to support a billion for people every month. So a lot of the big data problems internally were about volume but there were also new challenges arising around real time analytics. How do you actually change Facebook quickly so that you can adapt it to certain geographies or certain different user demographics? And what we saw was basically a lot of early work around real time processing systems, not just the standard batch systems like data warehouses or Hadoop. We realized that this would be very useful for the rest of the IT industry, so it was one of the reasons why we left, to bring it to everyone else.Martin: Did you validate that this idea that it is working for other companies as well before you left Facebook?Eric: My background at Facebook was working with some of the Facebooks key partners. I was a partner engineer and I saw a lot of those partners basically choke on the Facebook social graph, just so much data was available. So we saw that other companies obviously try to consume that data and they invariably had database problems, the bottleneck in the database chair. So it was both seeing what was happening internally at Facebook as well as some of our partners where it was a lot of validation. And then of course you look at the broader industry at large and data volume and velocity is always a problem. That’s why it’s called big data, it’s a big, big problem to be solved.Martin: And walk me through the process. Once you’ve left Facebook with your co-founder, what did you do? Did you just right away built a new database or did you first try to find funding? Did you first try to find customers?Eric: So we were accepted into an accelerator program called Y Combinator and that provided a great pathway for us to leave Facebook and basically get started in a two bedroom apartment in Menlo  Park. Two guys and a dog. We basically had given up our salaries, all the great perks for what was $20,000 in s tartup capital. And to answer the question, I mean Facebook is a very special place. It’s a great place but we also knew when we left that we will be working from scratch on everything. And when you decide to build an enterprise company especially one in database infrastructure there is no ability or expectation that you would start with something, you are starting from scratch. So the first step was obviously to begin fundraising, to build a team that could deliver the software, and that’s what we did. So we spent two months at Y Combinator and graduated the program and concluded with a 2 million dollar seed round which gave us the capital to build a team of engineers to really release the first MVP â€" minimal viable product in the system.Martin: So you only first release the first database for MemSQL after you got the 2 million and had engineers working on that?Eric: Yes, the databases are not easy. It took us about two years of stealth mode to deliver the first MVP and that was basically only a stepping stone for us because actually the full product was not released until April of 2013. So it took a lot of effort to deliver the product but now that we have it out in the market, on the wild it has been phenomenal to see all the customers using it. So building a database is not for the faint of heart and it takes a lot of money and you need basically good alignment between funding and team to deliver something like a database. Typically though for startups you want to have far shorter response times on your own MVP; for application stack you should be thinking in terms of weeks to months, not years.Martin: Did you do any startup before MemSQL?Eric: it’s my first startup.BUSINESS MODEL OF MEMSQLMartin: Good. Let’s talk about the business model of MemSQL. So what are the specific customer segments that you are targeting?Eric: Sure. At a high level the business model is focused on delivering software to our customers via term based subscription model. S o it is basically a commercial software license that our customers subscribe to. It gives them an ability to expand as they need. A lot of the industry in our space will price by core or by server. We price by capacity, which means that our customers are encouraged by us to use as much CPU as they want. So this means that they can get more performance out of the system irrespective of the number of cores that they want to use. They can always add more cores to the database.Martin: There are so many different databases like SQL, no SQL databases and one of those non-SQL databases, there is MemSQLâ€"Eric: We are very much SQL. We are not noSQL. We are a relational database.Martin: Really?Eric: Of course. It is in our name. Actually it’s a great thing to touch on because I think a good name is so critical that you want to be very prescriptive about what it does. So our name comes from the fact that Mem stands for memory and SQL stands for structure query language, so it lets any deve loper know immediately what we do. And best of all we paid 6 dollars for domain name. It was just available.Martin: Awesome. And so what is the big difference then between a normal SQL database and MemSQl databases?Eric: Like A normal relational database?Martin: Yes.Eric: The biggest difference is that it is designed to be on distributed system, so most disk based databases are single box, ours is a multibox design. And then of course Mem for memory means that most of the first operations are held in memory and then of course we put them on disk for the customer. So the biggest difference is that we are very, very fast and we are analytically focused, so you can use the scale of the architecture to basically compute faster.Martin: Can you name some use cases that some customers did based on MemSQL?Eric: Sure. All of our customers use us effectively for optimization around their businesses. Within financial services we do a lot of fraud detection, trading analyses, risk exposure anal yses, ledger consolidation, a lot of things that are just around the concept of very fast processing.Within ad tech we do real time bidding and attribution to our customers as well as real time segmentation. Basically the ability to segment our users based on some profile characteristics.We have a very great expertise with IoT data; internet of things. So we track a lot of smart devices for our customers for the likes of ComCast with XFINITY, Samsung with their Smart TVs and some other great customers that use us for various devices as well.Martin: And walk me through the process of how it typically works. Is it like, just an assumption, that you build for example a Kafka Flume chain for the ingestion part, pump the data that you need for a specific use case in a MemSQL database and then how do you get this out?Eric: Yes, that’s a great question especially because it lines up exactly what we are doing with our latest product called Streamliner. So when you described around a chain with Kafka connecting to something transformation like Spark, going to MemSQL is like a new product that we launched last month called MemSQL Streamliner for Spark. What it effectively give you is an ability to copy and paste the Kafka URL into the manager dashboard of MemSQL, subscribe to a topic and then low and behold the data is readily available for analysis in MemSQL. So we support semi-structured data with JSON and that Kafka feed is basically pipelined into JSON data type â€" JSON column in a MemSQL table. At that point you can use SQL to traverse it, analyze it, index it, join it â€" whatever you want. But that’s a real time use case that is extremely exciting because are so many customers are actually getting onto the real time data pipeline use case.Martin: For analytics I totally get it that you are close to real time.Eric: We are very much real time. So we can consume millions of events per second and the way we designed the system; an insert will never block a selec t, a select will never block an insert. So this means that you can be inserting data and reading across, scanning across billions of records at the same time. So there actually is no delay in the analytics so you can get as close as you can down to the last transaction down the last one.Martin: What is the secret sauce of competitive advantage that keeps you ahead? For example we met in another company that was in database, they said, “We are the leaders currently in the database, that’s why we have the biggest ecosystem. This is our competitive advantage”. What’s yours?Eric: Well, at the end of the day as a core technology company our competitive advantage is the software that we build and how we’ve built it. Certainly how we built the software is worth sharing a bit It is very hard to build, b-filed patterns and you get talks and you go to database conferences. But at a high level we do something to how we store the data so we use lock free data structures in memory. If you are familiar with database data structures, a b tree is a typical data structure for disk based system that has no need in memory. So the analog for in memory system is a skip list and that skip list lets us do very rapid scans.We have a lock free hash tables for these quick value look ups.We also have a distribute query optimizer so the fact that our query optimizer can take a query that a user might send to the system, we will break it down to smaller pieces and then push it out to other machines for computations. How we actually do all this is obviously the core part of MemSQL but on top of that in our execution engine, we also actually will convert your SQL query into machine code. So this is an amazing improvement, because you no longer bottle necking on I/O and we are now optimizing as best as we can around CPU. So by removing interpretation from a hard code path we can effectively squeeze the CPU for even greater performance.So it is a combination of a lot of different t hings but we have the ability to work with data very quickly and part of what we designed and built the execution engine and the storage engines.Martin: How do you acquire your customers? Are you having a direct sales force or are you using some kind of distribution partner?Eric: Sure, in the early days when you get started you always have to be the chief sales officer as a founder. That’s what I did in the early days. Now we do have a field team, we have direct sales teams and inside team and typically you want to work with customers that have a problem and you can segment them in terms of who is going to be likely to be a customer. So there are certain industries that we don’t sell to â€" like insurance, which is a very slow moving industry but you have to know who your customers are and then as soon as you do you can start working basically with sales teams to acquire them. We have a community edition, we have a free version of the product that anyone can use for free forever . And that has been a great source for us to build our relationship with those customers.Martin: And why are you not selling to insurance companies? Only because their adoption rate is so slow or?Eric: No, no, there are certain industries that just don’t have a need for fast computation. So insurance is a very well architected or very well understood I should say industry. For example there are some things called actuarial tables that tell you pretty much accurately when someone is going to die. And the whole business model in that industry is basically doing a very simple risk model around how to optimize that function. So those are certain industries that, they probably fine with batch analytic processing. When we come into play with real time it is around faster moving industries â€" things like financial services, ad technology, telecom, online business. Those are the sort of industries that benefit from faster information processing.Martin: What is your assessment of the tren ds in the database landscape, where you see the relational and not relational databases? What is your perspective on that?Eric: I think there has been general recognition that noSQL as a category will effectively dissolve into the larger category of databases in general. And I say that because most NoSQL vendors are actually effectively adding SQL back into the mix. But you also have relational vendors like MemSQL and Oracle and PostGres that are also adding a little bit of noSQL into the mix. So I mentioned earlier that we have that JSON data type. That’s an unstructured or semi structured feature that our customers love to combine with relational algebra. So what Garder is predicting is that noSQL as its own category will exist over next few years base anything that have meaningful value will eventually have SQL, especially in analytics. You need to do a join in analytics â€" you need SQL for that calculation. So what we have seen in the market is a lot of the vendors add SQL ba ckend somehow or someway. Over time we’re going to find what is going to resolve is what is called a multimodal database, and a multimodal database is just a way of saying that everything has multiple means of interacting with data.Martin: And is it really realistic to have a database where is multipurpose because I have seen a lot of databases that are for a specific type of usage like graph databases.Eric: Yes. There is always I think a specialty databases that are well suited like graph databases for example, something like document database can have good use cases sometimes. But generally any data that is useful to a business will be structured at some point so it’s always matter of when that data is either deleted or structured.Martin: What is your opinion then on the Hadoop world so to speak? Is it also one way we can store data and batch it in real time?Eric: It fills exactly into the need of two things around the relational or SQL question versus batch processing. At hig h level Hadoop is a great way of storing data. HDFS is really what it is all about and if the cost of storage is zero, and it is, then something like Hadoop should exist and I am glad it does. Of course what you see in the Hadoop space is a general disconnect between the storage which is HDFS and the execution which today has been MapReduce. The MapReduce has been proven, everyone agrees, it is very, very up toes, it is very hard to work with. And that’s why you are seeing a lot of innovation with SQL Hadoop like Impala and Presto coming up to play. And that exactly fits the thesis at least or the hypotheses that SQL is going to carry the day in the enterprise. And certainly even in the big data market SQL is going to carry the day. So Hadoop is great for batch processing, but we need real time, using some in memory apps are critical which is why patchy Spark is so exciting because adding an in-memory execution environment to the Hadoop ecosystem.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM ERIC FRENKIEL In San Francisco (CA), we meet CEO and Co-Founder of MemSQL, Eric Frenkiel. Eric talks about his story how he came up with the idea and founded MemSQL, how the current business model works, as well as he provides some advice for young entrepreneurs.INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi, today we are in beautiful San Francisco in the MemSQL office. Hi, Eric, who are you and what do you do?Eric: I am the CEO and co-founder of MemSQL and its good to have you over.Martin: Great, awesome! What is MemSQL?Eric: MemSQL is a real time database for transactions and analytics. It’s core infrastructure and it is designed basically to help businesses optimize their real time operations.Martin: How did you come up with such an idea?Eric: So I worked at Facebook a few years ago, prior to starting MemSQL and my co-founder and I were seeing the tip of the spear of big data problems being solved at Facebook. And it really was an inspiration for us to depart and start a new company.Martin: And what did you see work ing there at Facebook and what things did you take of that and said, “Ok, now we would like to offer this to the world”?Eric: As you know Facebook is one of the largest web destinations on the internet. It was at that point and still is scaling with a lot of infrastructure and system design to support a billion for people every month. So a lot of the big data problems internally were about volume but there were also new challenges arising around real time analytics. How do you actually change Facebook quickly so that you can adapt it to certain geographies or certain different user demographics? And what we saw was basically a lot of early work around real time processing systems, not just the standard batch systems like data warehouses or Hadoop. We realized that this would be very useful for the rest of the IT industry, so it was one of the reasons why we left, to bring it to everyone else.Martin: Did you validate that this idea that it is working for other companies as well b efore you left Facebook?Eric: My background at Facebook was working with some of the Facebooks key partners. I was a partner engineer and I saw a lot of those partners basically choke on the Facebook social graph, just so much data was available. So we saw that other companies obviously try to consume that data and they invariably had database problems, the bottleneck in the database chair. So it was both seeing what was happening internally at Facebook as well as some of our partners where it was a lot of validation. And then of course you look at the broader industry at large and data volume and velocity is always a problem. That’s why it’s called big data, it’s a big, big problem to be solved.Martin: And walk me through the process. Once you’ve left Facebook with your co-founder, what did you do? Did you just right away built a new database or did you first try to find funding? Did you first try to find customers?Eric: So we were accepted into an accelerator program calle d Y Combinator and that provided a great pathway for us to leave Facebook and basically get started in a two bedroom apartment in Menlo  Park. Two guys and a dog. We basically had given up our salaries, all the great perks for what was $20,000 in startup capital. And to answer the question, I mean Facebook is a very special place. It’s a great place but we also knew when we left that we will be working from scratch on everything. And when you decide to build an enterprise company especially one in database infrastructure there is no ability or expectation that you would start with something, you are starting from scratch. So the first step was obviously to begin fundraising, to build a team that could deliver the software, and that’s what we did. So we spent two months at Y Combinator and graduated the program and concluded with a 2 million dollar seed round which gave us the capital to build a team of engineers to really release the first MVP â€" minimal viable product in the system.Martin: So you only first release the first database for MemSQL after you got the 2 million and had engineers working on that?Eric: Yes, the databases are not easy. It took us about two years of stealth mode to deliver the first MVP and that was basically only a stepping stone for us because actually the full product was not released until April of 2013. So it took a lot of effort to deliver the product but now that we have it out in the market, on the wild it has been phenomenal to see all the customers using it. So building a database is not for the faint of heart and it takes a lot of money and you need basically good alignment between funding and team to deliver something like a database. Typically though for startups you want to have far shorter response times on your own MVP; for application stack you should be thinking in terms of weeks to months, not years.Martin: Did you do any startup before MemSQL?Eric: it’s my first startup.BUSINESS MODEL OF MEMSQLMartin: Good. Let’s talk about the business model of MemSQL. So what are the specific customer segments that you are targeting?Eric: Sure. At a high level the business model is focused on delivering software to our customers via term based subscription model. So it is basically a commercial software license that our customers subscribe to. It gives them an ability to expand as they need. A lot of the industry in our space will price by core or by server. We price by capacity, which means that our customers are encouraged by us to use as much CPU as they want. So this means that they can get more performance out of the system irrespective of the number of cores that they want to use. They can always add more cores to the database.Martin: There are so many different databases like SQL, no SQL databases and one of those non-SQL databases, there is MemSQLâ€"Eric: We are very much SQL. We are not noSQL. We are a relational database.Martin: Really?Eric: Of course. It is in our name. Actually it’s a great thing to touch on because I think a good name is so critical that you want to be very prescriptive about what it does. So our name comes from the fact that Mem stands for memory and SQL stands for structure query language, so it lets any developer know immediately what we do. And best of all we paid 6 dollars for domain name. It was just available.Martin: Awesome. And so what is the big difference then between a normal SQL database and MemSQl databases?Eric: Like A normal relational database?Martin: Yes.Eric: The biggest difference is that it is designed to be on distributed system, so most disk based databases are single box, ours is a multibox design. And then of course Mem for memory means that most of the first operations are held in memory and then of course we put them on disk for the customer. So the biggest difference is that we are very, very fast and we are analytically focused, so you can use the scale of the architecture to basically compute faster.Martin: Can you name some use cases that some customers did based on MemSQL?Eric: Sure. All of our customers use us effectively for optimization around their businesses. Within financial services we do a lot of fraud detection, trading analyses, risk exposure analyses, ledger consolidation, a lot of things that are just around the concept of very fast processing.Within ad tech we do real time bidding and attribution to our customers as well as real time segmentation. Basically the ability to segment our users based on some profile characteristics.We have a very great expertise with IoT data; internet of things. So we track a lot of smart devices for our customers for the likes of ComCast with XFINITY, Samsung with their Smart TVs and some other great customers that use us for various devices as well.Martin: And walk me through the process of how it typically works. Is it like, just an assumption, that you build for example a Kafka Flume chain for the ingestion part, pump the data that you need for a specific use case in a MemSQL database and then how do you get this out?Eric: Yes, that’s a great question especially because it lines up exactly what we are doing with our latest product called Streamliner. So when you described around a chain with Kafka connecting to something transformation like Spark, going to MemSQL is like a new product that we launched last month called MemSQL Streamliner for Spark. What it effectively give you is an ability to copy and paste the Kafka URL into the manager dashboard of MemSQL, subscribe to a topic and then low and behold the data is readily available for analysis in MemSQL. So we support semi-structured data with JSON and that Kafka feed is basically pipelined into JSON data type â€" JSON column in a MemSQL table. At that point you can use SQL to traverse it, analyze it, index it, join it â€" whatever you want. But that’s a real time use case that is extremely exciting because are so many customers are actually getting onto the real ti me data pipeline use case.Martin: For analytics I totally get it that you are close to real time.Eric: We are very much real time. So we can consume millions of events per second and the way we designed the system; an insert will never block a select, a select will never block an insert. So this means that you can be inserting data and reading across, scanning across billions of records at the same time. So there actually is no delay in the analytics so you can get as close as you can down to the last transaction down the last one.Martin: What is the secret sauce of competitive advantage that keeps you ahead? For example we met in another company that was in database, they said, “We are the leaders currently in the database, that’s why we have the biggest ecosystem. This is our competitive advantage”. What’s yours?Eric: Well, at the end of the day as a core technology company our competitive advantage is the software that we build and how we’ve built it. Certainly how we built the software is worth sharing a bit It is very hard to build, b-filed patterns and you get talks and you go to database conferences. But at a high level we do something to how we store the data so we use lock free data structures in memory. If you are familiar with database data structures, a b tree is a typical data structure for disk based system that has no need in memory. So the analog for in memory system is a skip list and that skip list lets us do very rapid scans.We have a lock free hash tables for these quick value look ups.We also have a distribute query optimizer so the fact that our query optimizer can take a query that a user might send to the system, we will break it down to smaller pieces and then push it out to other machines for computations. How we actually do all this is obviously the core part of MemSQL but on top of that in our execution engine, we also actually will convert your SQL query into machine code. So this is an amazing improvement, because you n o longer bottle necking on I/O and we are now optimizing as best as we can around CPU. So by removing interpretation from a hard code path we can effectively squeeze the CPU for even greater performance.So it is a combination of a lot of different things but we have the ability to work with data very quickly and part of what we designed and built the execution engine and the storage engines.Martin: How do you acquire your customers? Are you having a direct sales force or are you using some kind of distribution partner?Eric: Sure, in the early days when you get started you always have to be the chief sales officer as a founder. That’s what I did in the early days. Now we do have a field team, we have direct sales teams and inside team and typically you want to work with customers that have a problem and you can segment them in terms of who is going to be likely to be a customer. So there are certain industries that we don’t sell to â€" like insurance, which is a very slow moving industry but you have to know who your customers are and then as soon as you do you can start working basically with sales teams to acquire them. We have a community edition, we have a free version of the product that anyone can use for free forever. And that has been a great source for us to build our relationship with those customers.Martin: And why are you not selling to insurance companies? Only because their adoption rate is so slow or?Eric: No, no, there are certain industries that just don’t have a need for fast computation. So insurance is a very well architected or very well understood I should say industry. For example there are some things called actuarial tables that tell you pretty much accurately when someone is going to die. And the whole business model in that industry is basically doing a very simple risk model around how to optimize that function. So those are certain industries that, they probably fine with batch analytic processing. When we come into play with real time it is around faster moving industries â€" things like financial services, ad technology, telecom, online business. Those are the sort of industries that benefit from faster information processing.Martin: What is your assessment of the trends in the database landscape, where you see the relational and not relational databases? What is your perspective on that?Eric: I think there has been general recognition that noSQL as a category will effectively dissolve into the larger category of databases in general. And I say that because most NoSQL vendors are actually effectively adding SQL back into the mix. But you also have relational vendors like MemSQL and Oracle and PostGres that are also adding a little bit of noSQL into the mix. So I mentioned earlier that we have that JSON data type. That’s an unstructured or semi structured feature that our customers love to combine with relational algebra. So what Garder is predicting is that noSQL as its own category will exist over n ext few years base anything that have meaningful value will eventually have SQL, especially in analytics. You need to do a join in analytics â€" you need SQL for that calculation. So what we have seen in the market is a lot of the vendors add SQL backend somehow or someway. Over time we’re going to find what is going to resolve is what is called a multimodal database, and a multimodal database is just a way of saying that everything has multiple means of interacting with data.Martin: And is it really realistic to have a database where is multipurpose because I have seen a lot of databases that are for a specific type of usage like graph databases.Eric: Yes. There is always I think a specialty databases that are well suited like graph databases for example, something like document database can have good use cases sometimes. But generally any data that is useful to a business will be structured at some point so it’s always matter of when that data is either deleted or structured.M artin: What is your opinion then on the Hadoop world so to speak? Is it also one way we can store data and batch it in real time?Eric: It fills exactly into the need of two things around the relational or SQL question versus batch processing. At high level Hadoop is a great way of storing data. HDFS is really what it is all about and if the cost of storage is zero, and it is, then something like Hadoop should exist and I am glad it does. Of course what you see in the Hadoop space is a general disconnect between the storage which is HDFS and the execution which today has been MapReduce. The MapReduce has been proven, everyone agrees, it is very, very up toes, it is very hard to work with. And that’s why you are seeing a lot of innovation with SQL Hadoop like Impala and Presto coming up to play. And that exactly fits the thesis at least or the hypotheses that SQL is going to carry the day in the enterprise. And certainly even in the big data market SQL is going to carry the day. So Hadoop is great for batch processing, but we need real time, using some in memory apps are critical which is why patchy Spark is so exciting because adding an in-memory execution environment to the Hadoop ecosystem.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM ERIC FRENKIELMartin: Eric, imagine your younger sister comes to you and says, “Hey, Eric, I would like to start a company.” What advice would you give her?Eric: At a high level I will assume that she is a recent grad from college. Maybe she has just finished her degree in computer science and she is thinking about doing a company.And the very first thing I would tell her would be, “Don’t do it yet”. I would say, “What you want to do is spend a couple of years minimum in an industry you really care about and work at a big company so you can understand how big companies work and basically absorb a key part of that industry or that vertical. Once you have basically been able to learn a lot about that space, then you can start thinking about joining or starting a company. But I feel that it is so in vogue to start a company in your dorm room and you will find that all of the most successful companies that do start that way are by definition anomalies. When Mark Zuckerberg stared Facebook he didn’t intend to start Facebook. It was just a side project, a hobby and he only left college because it had to be built into something bigger and he was feeling the pressure to do that. So you really can’t force it in your dorm room or even right after college. You really have to figure out an industry you care about and learn about it. And then you can start thinking about innovating there in your own start up.”My own career has the same path. I worked at enterprise companies, consumer companies and then Facebook â€"another consumer company and I was able to learn a lot in my few years working and say “I am ready to start something like MemSQL”Martin: Totally agree. You need to have some domain knowledge. If it is like dating you don’t need to work at some other company, maybe you just go to the discotheque. But if it is like you want to disrupt the insurance world then maybe you should work at an insurance company.Eric: And also, of course young people are always encouraged to be trained and learn. So it’s always up to a company to provide that training. I would say that probably the biggest benefit there of course is that you get to learn how to be a manager. If you stay enough time you will eventually be able to learn how to manage people. And that is the hardest thing to do, because you just can’t read that in a book, you have to practice it and all the better if you can actually learn those techniques and learn how the corporate serves the management by working at a larger company that needs someone like that. And when you are ready to do it you get a chance on your own.Martin: What other advice would you give to your sister?Eric: At a high level beyond that, let’s say when you f ast forward a couple of years and maybe she doesn’t want to start her own company but she wants to join a startup, I would say that the easiest way to go about it is to do your research on all of the best companies back by tier one venture capitalists and just piggy back on the hard work of those other VCs to validate what are the good startups, and what are the ones most likely to succeed. So just as there are tier 1 and tier 2 Universities there are certainly strata at VC. And you will find that all of the most competitive companies are backed by the most competitive venture capitalists. And it is really great to join a series A or series B company when you are young because there is so much to do and you have a lot of freedom inside to basically work and contribute.My advice after a couple of years is of work or whatever have you beis find a company backed by a tier 1 venture capital firm that will benefit from someone with your skill set. It could be in computer science, it co uld be at marketing, it could be in sales, but you learn a lot more in an early stage company at a series A or series B level than you would if you join a larger company at a D, E, or sort of late stage company.Martin: Great. Eric, thank you so much for your time.Eric: My pleasure. Thanks for coming over.Martin: Sure. And next time if you want to really start a company think about it twice, because if you don’t know there is a big problem that needs to be solved maybe you should just start and work in a company like MemSQL or another series A or series B financed company. Thank you so much.

Biology And Biology An Elementary Way Of Studying Living...

The fundamental concept on how biology and chemistry interacts starts with the understanding of living things. History have provided biologist an elementary way of studying living organisms through the use of a microscope, and direct observation. However, science have advanced, and direct observation could not provide qualitative and quantitative data for biologist to gain advanced knowledge in understanding how organism converting food to muscle and bone. The plants ability to use water and sunlight, and have a parallel understanding that cells need the same things to sustain life, continue growth, and provide the ability to reproduce. This basic discovery that biologist came to realizes is that chemistry and biology must work together as a cohesive unit in order to understanding multiply exchanges between atoms, molecules, and cells. This video provides a simplistic view about metabolism and how energy is measured. Metabolism is used to sustain life, it is explained as the chemical reactions that go on within the cells of the human body. This process allows for food intake to be converted into energy. Energy is measured by Jooles, the basal energy requirement is the scale in providing the minimum amount of energy needed to sustain life. This video also provides the foods that would give you the most energy, and the major concerns about storing more energy than the body needs. Too much energy produced fat which is stored in the body, and used when necessary. The videoShow MoreRelatedNatural Environment3300 Words   |  14 PagesArticle on Natural environment Natural environment The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living specie. 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Resume†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Acknowledgement I acknowledge my mentors who really helped a lot in order to have a wide range of knowledge in terms of teaching. They gave me the vivid understanding of what teaching is. They supported me every time that I need help of somebody. They mold me how to an effective, creative, resourceful, enthusiastic, friendly, lovable, equipped and professional teacher. They created a lot of changes in termsRead MoreBook to Study English for Chemistry12934 Words   |  52 PagesScience? 1. What do the following words mean? 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Essay Nike- Ethical Issues - 1454 Words

Ethical Case Analysis: Nike Introduction Nike was established in 1972 by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. These two men were visionaries. The goal for Nike was to carry on Bowerman’s legacy of innovative thinking by helping every athlete reach their goal or by creating lucrative business opportunities that would set the company apart from any competition. This included providing quality work environments for all who were employed by Nike. However, Nike has long been eluding allegations of employing people in the developing and under-developed economies, at low wages and poor working conditions for a long time. Nike tried many different measures of correcting†¦show more content†¦By joining a task force that helps promote fair labor practices, Nike is taking responsibility for its actions and showing the global market that is does take an interest in those working in the factory. This helps to alleviate any hesitation consumers may have with purchasing products made by Nike. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 can help Nike monitor the compliance of the factories in foreign companies because it can help Nike monitor the wages paid to its employees more closely to ensure they are being paid fairly. As well it can help the company identify any significant changes in internal controls and related factors. Government Regulations The International Labor Organization (ILO) sets the standards for working conditions around the globe. ILO’s main target is governments however; many of the standards recognized today affect the behavior of corporations. The UN Global Compact sought to create a partnership between the UN and many transnational companies to promote ten essential principles in the areas of human rights, labor, the environment, and anti-corruption. 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“Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin †Character Free Essays

A dynamic character is a major character in a work of fiction that encounters conflict and is changed by it. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, the emotional pattern and thought process of Louise Mallard after she is informed of her husband’s death are explored. Over the course of the hour in which the story takes place Louise has a realization about the constraints she feels in her life and in her marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin – Character or any similar topic only for you Order Now By delineating Louise as a flat and dynamic character, Chopin is able to convey her theme that real freedom is found in death. Over the course of the story, all the characters are left as fairly flat and undeveloped. Louise is simply described as a young woman with â€Å"a fair, clam face whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength† (paragraph 8) and that was suffering from a heart condition. When the death of her husband, Brently, is revealed her immediate reaction was that of despair. After weeping suddenly with â€Å"wild abandonment,† Louise retreated to her room in order to collapse in solitude (paragraph 3 and 4). The tragic realization and emotional exhaustion eventually leads Louise to a realization of freedom. By whispering â€Å"free, free, free! † (paragraph 11) under her breath and not over thinking the feeling she had, Louise was able to embrace the joy with open arms she discovered in her newfound freedom. Although she knew that she would be torn apart at the sight of â€Å"the face that had never looked save with love upon her† (paragraph 12) as a corpse, Louise welcomed the oncoming years spent in devotion to her own desires. This shift in position on death motivates Louise to realize that Brently’s death should not be dwelled on with sorrow. Motivation is a sufficient reason for a character to act the way they do. Louise’s motivation for living a liberated life comes through the open window. Through nature, Chopin provides Louise with purpose. For example, while being described, the upstairs room is left with the simplistic depiction that it has only a single roomy armchair. When her husband is no longer there to restrict her potential, the house, which was once her cage, finally opens up to the outside world. With the â€Å"breath of rain in the air† and the tree tops bursting with life (paragraph four), Louise begins her journey to her conclusion. Even though the visualization of nature, Louise is competent enough to grasp that her love for Brently could not compare to the â€Å"possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being† (paragraph fifteen). Soon enough she had nearly forgotten her departed lover and was â€Å"drinking in an elixir of life through that open window† (paragraph eighteen). After the inhalation of submission, Louise â€Å"carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory† (paragraph twenty) down the stairs. In doing so, the once emotionally unstable and physically ailed woman with â€Å"white slender hands† (paragraph ten) was able to prepare for a life without discretion or restrictions. The development of Louise only seized due to her preexisting medical condition claiming her life. However this motivation is what caused Louise to act in the ways she did and refined the theme. The development of character in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is left stagnant. Having a flat main character allows the reader to identify with the story on a level of understanding separate from that of any round character. Although the reader is inserted into Louise’s mind, an entirely understood background for her is missing. In doing so a void is made in which the reader can implant themselves into the character’s shoes to further comprehend the exact emotions of Louise during the hour. This further expands the understanding of theme because as Louise remains in front of the window with her arms spread welcoming the years to come, since she is left lacking in detail, the reader can jump into her place; they can shed tears with her or drink the elixir of life with her. The theme that death is the ultimate release from constraint is understood in the story due to Chopin’s development of Louise as a flat and dynamic character. While companionship and love are significantly important aspects of life, Chopin was able to demonstrate that Louise was ecstatic only when she realized the new way she could live her life. After all, the Greek historian Thucydides once said, â€Å"the secret of happiness is freedom. † Works Cited: Kennedy, XJ and Dana Gioia. Literature, An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing. Seventh edition. Boston: Pearson, 2010. Print. How to cite â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin – Character, Papers

Researcher To The Management Cluster Roles

Question: Describe about the Researcher To The Management Cluster Roles. Answer: Introduction Management role is a discourse that has received attention and interest for many researchers. There are many different managerial roles or duties within an organization that forms the basis of the managers duties within the organization. To effectively execute these roles, managers need to be complete business individuals who understand the strategic, operational, and tactical responsibilities that they hold for the organization. With the idea of Henry Mintzberg and other scholars conceding a cluster of managers roles in an organization about performance, this paper presents a detailed literature review, discussion, and analysis on how academic research affects the cluster of roles of a manager. It analyses the requirements necessary for a manager to effectively pursue his academic research together with the management functions without failure in the performance of the organization. Analysis and discussion Henry Mintzberg cluster roles for managers Henry Mintzberg is a renowned business thinker who had a deep knowledge on how managers perceive their roles and responsibilities while relating to theory and practice. According to him, the work of managers is characterized by interruptions, fragmentation, pace, and brevity of business activities. In his study and publication, he identified ten roles that describe the work of managers in ensuring effective performance in the organization. The ten roles are grouped into three main clusters where each cluster summarizes a role of the manager depending on the strategic objective of the organization according to Bareham, Bourner, and Stevens (2000, p.394). These clusters are the interpersonal, decision-making, and informational roles as shown in figure 1. As an interpersonal role, the manager acts as the figurehead who represents the organization, leads the staff, and liaises between the external environment and the organization. For the informational role, the manager monitors information flow outside and within the organization, disseminates the relevant information to the relevant target audience, and also act as a spokesperson on behalf of the organization. In the decision-making role, the manager acts as an entrepreneur that initiates a course of action with the intention of changing something within the organization. The manager also reacts to events in handling the rising disturbances, allocates resources like money, equipment, jobs, etc., and also negotiates or trades resources with other stakeholders of the organization. Figure 1: Clusters of managerial roles How a manager can add the role of academic researcher to the cluster roles In his definition, Robinson (1993) points out that academic research in business is the organized and systematic way of investigating a conceivable problem that a manager may encounter in business. It is scientific step-by-step rigorous and logical approach that deals with issues of strategic, operations, marketing, administrative, as well as systematic responsibilities in an organization. Academic research in organizational management can be applied in different strategic management responsibilities. For instance, applied research is used in fixing and determining proper actions that can be implemented in a prevailing problem encountered by managers which demand timely solutions. For a business manager, the knowledge in academic research is hence vital as basic research enables managers to understand how specific problems experienced within the organizations can be explained as well as how the knowledge can be further used in solving issues at later dates. Despite the fact that the solutions may be different, Dent (2002) points out that challenges faced by organization managers follow similar steps that need a scientific procedure in adopting strategic solutions. Through academic research, managers can strategically identify and find answers to different challenges, issues, and concerns as well as the internal and external course of action that can be taken in finding relevant and effective solutions. In support of the statement, Sekaran and Boguie (2014) point out that academic research skills help in enhancing decision-making by managers to be able to deal with the challenges they experience within the organizations successfully. Denzin and Lincoln (1994) also point out that managers having knowledge on the relevant academic research management skills are in a better position in handling different problems. He gains vital decision-making skills that give him tremendous economic saving potentials that can benefit the financial and eco nomic progress of the organization. The manager can also improve their skills in deciphering the communicated managerial research knowledge from both internal and external research consultants as well as those retrieved from different academic publications addressing similar issues. As a result, the managers can take educated, calculated, and intelligent risks with known probabilities attached to the failure of success of the management decisions. For this reason, academic research is an essential tool for decision-making rather than just generating large incomprehensible statistical information. In critical moments of decision-making, managers with a basic understanding of their research and managerial roles are the key competitors in the digital error when it comes to business management. The research knowledge and skills are sought after resources that are essential in mitigating strategic failures faced by organizations. Therefore, gaining an understanding of the relationship between management decisions and resear ch is essential for managers to ensure the organization is benefiting out of the research efforts it implements. Differences implied by the approach According to Agnew and Pyke (1994), research is not just a set of technical skills which can easily be added to a focused and clever individual in a managerial position. More is involved especially when considering the complex human dynamics that differ significantly among cultures and people. While taking care of employees and coordinating activities for the benefit of an organization, a good manager requires not only a set of skills necessary for research but also a good attitude towards embracing the values of the organization according to Rosenberg (2015, p. 6). The study of the subject of management by individuals such as Fayol, Hamel, Kotter, and Mintzberg can be captivated but the similar ideas yet differences in interpretation on how management roles differ. Many agree to the base managerial role as defined by Fayol (1949) as being organizing, planning, coordinating, controlling, and commanding,- Mintzberg (1973) as noted by Whitley (1984, p. 370). However, the above definiti on does not just focus on the internal factors influencing managers but the external influences as well using a system approach to management. Managers do not only spend time in planning, commanding, coordinating, organizing, or controlling, but also performs other tasks such as joining meetings, building interpersonal relationships, and dealing with other clients. It also means that the role of a manager is more and requires a more systematic study. As a result, one cannot just draw simplistic conclusions and biased judgments as there is no uniform consensus to the standardization of the skills and roles required for an effective manager as denoted by Kilduff and Mehra (1997, p. 454). The management role is thus multifaceted as it exhibits both uniqueness and similarities depending on the industry and the company and cannot just describe as it is done by many researchers. For the more, many organizations have unique individual cultures that bring a difference in how responsibilities and roles are propagated within the organization. According to Agnew and Pyke (1994), the responsibilities of managers are essentially integrating activities which permeate every facet of the strategic operations of an organization. However, there does not exist any one-type-fit kind of concept as there are considerable variations in the types of skills necessary for managers to fulfill the many different organizational roles. From leading the team of employees to resolving conflicts representing stakeholders of the organization, negotiating contracts, to ensuring effective and successful recruitment processes, the manager continuously shifts roles depending on the change in the tasks, situations, and organizational expectation. It is at this point that the academic research role comes in so as to effectively equip the manager on the political, operational, and strategic responsibilities of their roles. As suggested by Wankel and Fillipi (2002), a manager needs to be a coach, liaison, a problem-solver, an organizer, a trainer, a dec ision-maker, and a cheerleader. These roles can change from time to time hence require a manager to have a global understanding of all the functions within the business. The academic research role hence equips the manager with effective organizing goals, accountability, and appropriate way of serving both external and internal clients within the organization. Challenges and requirement in pursuing the role of academic researcher in conjunction with the cluster roles of a manager In pursuing the role of academic research as well as effective achievement of the organizational roles require two major factors i.e. strategic implementation and proper decision-making. In the process of managing organizational resources and activities, very few intended strategies are realized successfully. One survey after another reveals that strategic implementation has become a top priority for business executives in ensuring effective management roles. Kilduff and Mehra (1997) points out that less than 15% of organizations globally report their success towards strategic implementation. However, the same study reports a failure rate of 60% to 90%, where the majority fails at the strategic phase of the implementation process. A big percentage of these failures are traced to poor strategic implementation due to management roles and elements that were under control. Balancing between academic research and the managerial responsibilities hence require effective and relevant steps to ensure a strategic implementation process that can effectively assist the organization to achieve its strategic objectives. In his study, Rosenberg (2015) points out several reasons why many organizations experience the failure in strategic implementation resulting to incompetent management and academic research performance as summarized in figure 2. These reasons include incompetent management, inadequate strategy, neglect of political interest, a culture of fear, insufficient control and planning, and absence of implementation plan. Figure 2: Reasons why many organizations experience the failure in strategic implementation In his study, Rosenberg (2015) also points out that the managers have the responsibility of ensuring a good outcome through the decisions they make in their managerial positions. Getting the academic research knowledge on the right decision-making within the organization is hence vital in elevating the sensitivity of the managers in innumerable external and internal factors of varied nature while managing their roles in the organizational environment (Zikmund 1997, p. 65). However, the decision-making procedures adopted in balancing between the academic research roles and the managerial roles determine the achievements and blunders made within the organization. Consequently, Rosenberg (2015) points out that managers with academic research skills and knowledge should be very keen on the decisions they make with the various research methods for the advantage of the organization. Effective decision-making skills are necessary for taking intelligent, calculated, and educated risks while balancing between the managerial and academic business research roles for the achievement of the strategic goals of the organization (Brown 1997, p. 24). Conclusion Through research skills and knowledge, managers shape their thinking skills while narrowing the problems they face down into the workable matter in intelligently dealing with business issues while drawing from a vast collection of literature on related managerial matters. On the other hand, knowledge and skills on research cannot be appropriate for every manager as there is no uniform standardization of role and skills linked to management. In other words, anyone can be a manager or a researcher, but not everyone can be both researcher and manager. However, adding the knowledge of research to management roles is considered as a strategic key for the benefit of the organization. In such a manner, managers can achieve a better overview of business intelligence concerns and issues within the business environment. It hence facilitates the development in forming intelligent and economic decisions that can lead to better actions and sustainable performance e of the organization. So how can we effectively add the role of academic research to the present cluster of roles for organizational managers? It is a question that requires further research and study as a result of the common dynamics as a result of the tension and confusion that occurs when leaders are requested to wear two hats. Even though the functional hats take precedence as the most familiar and immediate managerial role, keeping full-time function roles without creating a real space for other duties is a step towards failure. List of references Agnew N., Pyke S.,(1994) The Science Game: An Introduction to Research in the Social Sciencespp 269 - 290 Bareham, J., Bourner, T. and Stevens, G. (2000). The DBA: What is it for? Careers Development International. Vol. 5, no. 7, pp 394-403 Brown R. (1997), You Cant Expect Rationality from Pregnant Men: Reflections on Multi-disciplinarily in Management Research, pp 23-30 Dent, Eric B. (2002). Developing Scholarly Practitioners: Doctoral Management Education in the 21st Century. Chapter 6 in Wankel, C. and De Fillipi, R. eds. (2002). Rethinking Management Education for the 21st Century. Information Age, N.Y. Denzin N, Lincoln Y, (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research pp 1 - 17 Kilduff M.,Mehra A., (1997), Postmodernism and Organizational Research, pp 453 - 481 Raelin J., (1997), Action Learning and Action Science Are They Different?pp 21-34 Robinson, (1993), Current Controversies in Action Research Rosenberg, S, 2015, Manager role and business researcher, Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/manager-roles-business-researcher-svein-rosenberg Sekaran, Uma Bougie, R. (2014)Research Methods for Business: a skill-building approach,6th ed., West Sussex, UK, Wiley The Logic of Social Research, pp 1-15 Zikmund M., (1997), Business Research Methods pp 63-78 Whitley R., (1984), The Scientific Status of Management Research As a Practically Oriented Social Sciencepp 369-390

Arts in Schools Essay

Arts in Schools Essay Arts in Schools Essay A child’s education cannot rely on reading and math alone. A wide range of educational opportunities need to be made available to a child to allow them to explore their talents and interests, whether it be through arts programs, athletics programs, or other activities outside of subjects on standardized tests. Not every student wants to be an engineer or scientist and those children should not be denied opportunities in their education. Creativity in the classroom plays a big role in how children involve themselves in their studies, social lives, and home lives. It is an important part of education and should be valued more. Many people believe that the arts are a waste of time and aren’t going to land you a stable job in the future. What they don’t realize is that having knowledge in different arts, benefits students in different parts of their lives. Including in the classroom where they learn math and science. Not only does having knowledge in the arts stimula te and develop the imagination and critical thinking, but it also refines cognitive and creative skills. Whilst other students might solve a problem based solely on logic, students with a knowledge in the arts can look at that same problem both logistically, and creatively providing them with more insight on the problem. Arts knowledge also has a tremendous impact on the developmental growth of every child, and has proven to help level the learning field across socio-economic boundaries. It strengthens problem-solving and critical-thinking skills, adds to overall academic achievement and school success. When a student is involved in artistic thinking, it truly teaches them life skills, such as developing an informed perception, articulating a vision, learning to solve problems, and make decisions. Not only this, but it also aids in building self-confidence and self-discipline, developing the ability to imagine what might be, and accepting responsibility to complete tasks from start to finish. Being in any type of arts program, whether it’s acting, or dancing, film, or general art, self-confidence and self-discipline are strongly provided. With open arms, art programs accept any student that might be having a hard time in school, or at home, and gives them something to be proud of. Whether it be a painting they painted or performing in the school play, being in an art program lets you use your passion and soul to make or do something that you are proud of. By painting, training, or practicing hard, the student achieves their goal using self-discipline for in the arts, you can only be as good as you yourself try. Art programs throughout the world give any students the right to speak what is on their minds and in their hearts and to not be judged, but praised for it. Creativity, soul, heart, passion, hard-work are just some examples of what the arts can give back to you. Having art programs in schools is essential. A very intelligent man named Ken Robinso n made a delightful speech regarding art programs in schools on the website TED.com. Besides being British and hilarious, he makes substantial points and tells such wonderful funny stories! An influential quote from his speech is "If you're not prepared to be wrong, you're not going to come up with anything original." This is quite a true statement. He isn't saying that being creative necessarily means that you are wrong. He is just saying that when being creative, you're willing to take the chance and not care about the results, your answer will be genuine and unique. One extraordinary point he makes in the speech is that as we grow older we are being "educated out of our creativity†. As we go through school we quickly learn that mistakes are terrible, and strive for perfection. Memorizing facts, knowing systems and orders, but what happened to the creativity we had as kids? One last point that he makes, might not be completely true, but is funny and did make some sense. â₠¬Å"Public education is made for making

Obsidian - Volcanic Glass Prized for Stone Tool Making

Obsidian - Volcanic Glass Prized for Stone Tool Making The volcanic glass called obsidian was highly prized in prehistory where ever it was found. The glassy material comes in a range of colors from black to green to bright orange, and it is found everywhere rhyolite-rich volcanic deposits are found. Most obsidian is a deep rich black, but, for example, pachuca obsidian, from a source in Hidalgo and distributed throughout Mesoamerica during the Aztec period, is a translucent green color with a golden yellow sheen to it. Pico de Orizaba, from a source in southeastern Puebla is almost completely colorless. Obsidian Qualities The qualities that made obsidian a favorite trade item are its shiny beauty, its easily worked fine texture, and the sharpness of its flaked edges. Archaeologists are fond of it because of obsidian hydration-a relatively secure (and relatively low cost) way to date the period an obsidian tool was last flaked. Sourcing obsidianthat is to say, discovering where the raw stone from a particular obsidian artifact came fromis typically conducted through trace element analysis. Although obsidian is always made up of volcanic rhyolite, each deposit has slightly different amounts of trace elements in it. Scholars identify the chemical fingerprint of each deposit through such methods as X-ray fluorescence or neutron activation analysis  and then compare that to what is found in an obsidian artifact. Alca Obsidian Alca is  a type of obsidian that is  solid and banded black, gray, maroon brown and bottled black maroon brown, that is found in volcanic deposits in the Andes mountains between 3700-5165 meters (12,140-16,945 feet) above sea level. The largest known concentrations of Alca are at the east rim of the Cotahuasi Canyon and in the Pucuncho basin. The Alca sources are among the most extensive sources of obsidian in South America; only the Laguna de Maule source in Chile and Argentina has comparable exposure.   Three types of Alca, Alca-1, Alca-5 and Alca-7, outcrop on the alluvial fans of the Pucuncho basin. These cannot be discerned with the naked eye, but they can be identified on the basis of geochemical characteristics, identified through ED-XRF and NAA (Rademaker et al. 2013). Stone tool workshops at the sources in the Pucuncho basin have been dated to the Terminal Pleistoceneand stone tools dated to the same 10,000-13,000 year range have been discovered at Quebrada Jaguay on the coast of Peru. Sources For information on dating obsidian ,  see the article on obsidian hydration. See the History of Glass Making, if thats what interests you. For more rock science on the substance, see the geology entry for obsidian. For the heck of it, try the Obsidian Trivia Quiz. Freter A. 1993. Obsidian-hydration dating: Its past, present, and future application in Mesoamerica. Ancient Mesoamerica 4:285-303. Graves MW, and Ladefoged TN. 1991. The disparity between radiocarbon and volcanic glass dates: New evidence from the island of Lanai, Hawaii. Archaeology in Oceania 26:70-77. Hatch JW, Michels JW, Stevenson CM, Scheetz BE, and Geidel RA. 1990. Hopewell obsidian studies: Behavioral implications of recent sourcing and dating research. American Antiquity 55(3):461-479. Hughes RE, Kay M, and Green TJ. 2002. Geochemical and Microwear Analysis of an Obsidian Artifact from the Brown Bluff Site (3WA10), Arkansas. Plains Anthropologist 46(179). Khalidi L, Oppenheimer C, Gratuze B, Boucetta S, Sanabani A, and al-Mosabi A. 2010. Obsidian sources in highland Yemen and their relevance to archaeological research in the Red Sea region. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(9):2332-2345. Kuzmin YV, Speakman RJ, Glascock MD, Popov VK, Grebennikov AV, Dikova MA, and Ptashinsky AV. 2008. Obsidian use at the Ushki Lake complex, Kamchatka Peninsula (Northeastern Siberia): implications for terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene human migrations in Beringia. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(8):2179-2187. Liritzis I, Diakostamatiou M, Stevenson C, Novak S, and Abdelrehim I. 2004. Dating of hydrated obsidian surfaces by SIMS-SS. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 261(1):51–60. Luglie C, Le Bourdonnec F-X, Poupeau G, Atzeni E, Dubernet S, Moretto P, and Serani L. 2006. Early Neolithic obsidians in Sardinia (Western Mediterranean): the Su Carroppu case. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(3):428-439. Millhauser JK, Rodrà ­guez-Alegrà ­a E, and Glascock MD. 2011. Testing the accuracy of portable X-ray fluorescence to study Aztec and Colonial obsidian supply at Xaltocan, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(11):3141-3152. Moholy-Nagy H, and Nelson FW. 1990. New data on sources of obsidian artifacts from Tikal, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 1:71-80. Negash A, Shackley MS, and Alene M. 2006. Source provenance of obsidian artifacts from the Early Stone Age (ESA) site of Melka Konture, Ethiopia. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:1647-1650. Peterson J, Mitchell DR, and Shackley MS. 1997. The social and economic contexts of lithic procureent: obsidian from classic-period Hohokam sites. American Antiquity 62(2):213-259. Rademaker K, Glascock MD, Kaiser B, Gibson D, Lux DR, and Yates MG. 2013. Multi-technique geochemical characterization of the Alca obsidian source, Peruvian Andes. Geology 41(7):779-782. Shackley MS. 1995. Sources of archaeological obsidian in the Greater American southwest: An update and quantitative analysis. American Antiquity 60(3):531-551. Spence MW. 1996. Commodity or gift: Teotihuacan obsidian in the Maya region. Latin American Antiquity 7(1):21-39. Stoltman JB, and Hughes RE. 2004. Obsidian in Early Woodland Contexts in the Upper Mississippi Valley. American Antiquity 69(4):751-760. Summerhayes GR. 2009. Obsidian network patterns in Melanesia: Sources, characterisation, and distribution. IPPA Bulletin 29:109-123. Also Known As: Volcanic glass Examples: Teotihuacan and Catal Hoyuk are just two of the sites where obsidian was clearly considered an important stone resource.

HRM - exam preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HRM - exam preparation - Essay Example How much of remuneration is to be paid (the absolute level) is important to the extent that it takes care of a person’s minimum needs. Fixing of a minimum wage by an employer or company, or legislating on minimum wages by the Government, therefore focuses on ‘how much’. This ‘how much’ depends on physical variables (what is needed to keep body and soul together) and cultural variables (what is perceived as ‘necessary’) (Here we may refer to the first two levels of Maslow’s Theory of the Hierarchy of Needs — taking care of the physiological and safety needs. Beyond the level of the minimum wage to be paid, equity and fairness should play an important part in determining wages (the relative levels). Further, equity should be ensured without having to sacrifice the other objectives mentioned. Equity and fairness considerations in pay fixation take care of the social and esteem needs (Maslow) of an employee. Both internal and external equity principles (relative fairness of wages of workers in the same organisation, and outside the organisation) should be kept in mind while fixing pay. Rewards (compensation) are of two kinds — direct and indirect. The direct reward is the salary; and indirect rewards are the benefits or perquisites (perks) that an employee gets. Benefits include company provided house, car, medical facilities, company paid holidays, company sponsored study courses and training and so on. Equity or fairness between one employee and another can be maintained by adjusting both the direct or indirect benefits. 1- Modification of input or output to match pay. A person who is underpaid would reduce work effort; a person who is overpaid may work more sincerely and for longer hours without further compensation. A worker may attempt to change the input/ output of others, by asking them to work/not work harder. 2- Workers may adjust

Jacksonian Age religious commotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jacksonian Age religious commotion - Essay Example For a long time, the government controlled every activity that the church was doing (Sellers 2006). The separation between the church and the state caused a commotion in the religion. Divisions in the church were evident, where each denomination claimed to have power than the other. The main denominations according to the ranking of the majority were Methodist, Presbyterians and the Baptists. It was due to this margin among the religious institution that caused changes in the church. This commotion gave birth to revivalism which was highly welcomed by the Americans. Long before these changes, the Americans used to be attracted by secular meeting organized through camps to gain a social touch, but with the emergence of revival meetings, they diverged their lifestyle to concentrate on revivals (Sellers 2006). Salvation was evident in such meetings, having faith was also encouraged, and as a result, many people gave their lives to God. Each denomination could formulate ways to mak e their revivals unique. For instance, the Baptists came up with the idea of baptism. They argued that, it was vital for the fulfillment of conversion experience (Sellers 2006). Those who were baptized, were convinced of having gained eternal life, hence as a way of maintaining it, they became so loyal to the church. The church at one point started deteriorating in terms of fame in the country. This was due to some actions that were happening in the church which did not make people happy. Business-minded revivalists emerged, using revivals as a source of income. Though giving was a requirement, in the church, American citizens wondered how they could make themselves rich. People who conducted the revivals could not maintain their purity. They were involved in the dirty acts of immorality. Traditional religion The traditional religion in the United States was not forgotten. A good number of Americans believed in things like dreams, fortune tellers, ghosts and

Causes of Occupational Stress

Causes of Occupational Stress Occupational stress can be referred to the physical pressure such as weary as well as body pain (Beehr et al., 2001) ( cited in Nazim Shahid Jan, n.d., p.292) and mentally pressure such as weary, anxiety, depression, insomnia, incurred by oneself occupation or job (Millward, 2005) ( cited in Nazim Shahid Jan, n.d., p.292). There are two types of stress, which are eustress and distress. Eustress, is a positive stress, can motive one to achieve oneself goals whereas distress negatively influences oneself behavior, physical and mental condition (Mcshane, Olekalns Travaglione 2010, p. 139). In fact, there are a number of factors which cause occupational stress. Firstly, employees usually feel pressured when there are overload work tasks to be completed by them (Swaminathan Rajkumar, 2013, p.86). For instance, when an employer distributes a number of difficult tasks to his or her employee to be completed within a short period of time, the employee will usually feel stressed due to the fact that completing the task within a short period of time is beyond the employee’s capability. This can be related to MARS Model where Motivation, Ability, Role perception and Situational factors are considered (Mcshane, Olekalns Travaglione 2010, p. 46-49). The employee may have the motivation and ability as well as a good role perception to perform his or her task, but due to situational factor such as limited time, he or she will feel stressed. For instance, in most of the secondary school, a teacher is responsible for teaching many subjects and the overload work task will definitely make the teacher feel stressed (It takes two: how schools are in vesting in staff teaching additional subjects 2013). Besides, the relationship among employees or between employees and employers also contributes to occupational stress (Causes of work-related stress 2009). This problem commonly happens when a new employee enters into a new job or position. He or she may not be able to get used to the new environment, especially the relationship with new colleagues. New employees will usually feel ignored by his or her colleagues and this problem makes them feel depressed (Common causes of stress at work n.d.). Very often, new employees will also have problem in communicating with new colleagues because of incomprehension of personality to each other (Mcshane, Olekalns Travaglione 2010, p. 345). In Model of Communication, communication barriers are the obstacles, which include perception, filtering, language and excessive information that disturb communication among people (Mcshane, Olekalns Travaglione 2010, p.356-358). For instance, sometimes when new colleagues make fun of a new employee such as kidding with the new employee, the new employee may convert the message received in a wrong way due to his or her perception, different language spoken, excessive information received and so on, in which the employee will think that the new colleagues are trying to insult him or her. Moreover, some employees, who do not have a good communication and relationship with their superiors or employees, are even bullied and suffer from harassment such as sexual harassment by their superior and end up feeling pressured (Tehrani 2002) (cited in Ongori Agolla 2008, p.124). The employees or victims are unable to communicate well or feel shy to communicate with people in a company will usually be the target of bullying by their superiors or colleagues. For example, in Nike company, there is a number of employees has suffered from insult and sexual harassment by their superiors (Nike workers suffer harassment, claims report 2001). Consequently, these victims will end up suffering from stress or feel very pressured whenever they work in their workplace. Job insecurity is also not an exception to be one of the main factors contributing to occupational stress and thus reducing the productivity of employees (Babatunde 2013, p.76). In the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the most important need of human is physiological, followed by security such as job security, socialization, esteem and self-actualization (Mcshane, Olekalns Travaglione 2010, p. 170-171). It is, therefore, clear that job security is necessary for a person. This problem worrying about job insecurity is most commonly faced by employees who are in debts, confront financial liability and difficulties. These employees are usually worried about the problem of unemployment that may occur on them in the future as their current job is very important for them for shouldering certain liabilities or responsibilities such as raising a family. In fact, the problem of employee’s dismissal commonly happens during economic recession, in which the economic is under a bad cond ition (Sandilands n.d.). Therefore, employees’ worries about dismissal usually arise during economic recession. Due to the fact that most of the companies have insufficient revenue to cover their expenses, the companies therefore dismiss some the employees who are not productive in order to reduce their expenses (Windermere n.d.). For example, Nike has planned to dismiss about 1750 workers in order to reduce its expenses by $225 million (Rogoway 2009). Not only that, some of the employees is also worried that their salaries will get deducted as well as being treated unfairly. For instance, the majority of the employees in United Kingdom are most worried about the problem of their salaries reduction, followed by the problem of being unemployed and treated unfairly (Osborne 2013). Therefore, job insecurity is truly undeniable to be one of the major factors which may lead to the occupational stress (Unemployment ‘can lead to depression’ 2011). In actual fact, occupational stress has indeed brought advantages to employees. One of the most common advantages is that a low level of occupational stress can help to improve the working performance of an employee. When an employee has suffered from stress such as a reasonable work submission deadline, he or she will be more initiated or committed to try the very best to complete a task or come out with a well-done output. For example, after Apple company has released its new smartphone, iPhone 5S, Samsung Company then declares that it will also come out with its new smartphone product, Samsung Galaxy S5 which also has the same level of processor (The Fierce Competition Between Samsung And Apple is Still Ongoing n.d.). It is clearly shown that stress has actually motivated Samsung company’s employees to create come out with a good way to compete with Apple Company. Occupational stress, on the other hand, does also incur a number of negative impacts. The typical disadvantage is that occupational stress may harm oneself health condition in term of physical and mental. It is commonly known the symptoms of being overstressed are headache, insomnia, high blood pressure and so on (Hamlett n.d.). In fact, these symptoms also implies that oneself suffer the risk of health problems. If the overstressed issue persists, the employee will get sick and end up reducing his or her productivity. Not only that, the employee will also be unable to fully concentrate on performing his or her tasks as he or she will be distracted by worries at most of the time (Hamlett n.d.). In addition, the issue of occupational stress harming employees’ mental health condition is now increasing at an alarming rate. The mental illness or stress suffered will get serious if it is not cured as soon as possible and will end up causing fatal to the patient such as committing s uicide (Omelas Kleiner 2003) (cited in Ablanedos-Rosas et al. 2011, p. 555). For example, a nurse in Britain committed suicide due to the vicious slander brought by his patient (Work Suicide n.d.). In order to reduce stress temporarily, many people choose to smoke and end up addicted to smoking (Smoking and Mental Health n.d.), consequently increasing the chances of getting lung cancer (Lung cancer risks and causes n.d.). In other words, occupational stress has indirectly led some of the employees to the risk of getting lung cancer. In addition, if the level of an employee’s stress is too high and beyond the capabilities of the employee to control it, adverse effects such as frustration or anxiety may occur and will subsequently lead to a low productivity (Cevizci et al. 2014, p.42). Path-goal theory comprises of four types of leadership style, which are directive, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented (Mcshane, Olekalns Travaglione 2010, p. 464). The leader of a company should be supportive and considerate to his or her employee. ASA theory consists of 3 ways, which are attraction, selection and attrition. Attraction is that a person is attracted by the culture of a company as the culture company is his or her preferred culture. Selection is that a company selects workers which are able to adapt the culture of the company. Attrition is that a company dismisses the workers who does not adapt to the culture of the company (Mcshane, Olekalns Travaglione 2010, p. 555-556). ASA theory can be us ed to reduce or avoid stress of employees through allowing workers to choose company which are suitable to them, selecting people who can work under stress and dismissing employees who are unable to meet company’s target.